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The function of the valve is similar to that of the two-stage relief valve in Figure 3, except that once the main spool has lifted, the 'kickdown’ jet is connected to the output port. In fact a sequence valve may be used as a relief valve in any circuit here excessive back pressures are encountered in the return line. The proportional pressure sequence valve EPDZA allows oil coming from channel P to flow from a defined, proportionally adjustable opening pressure to channel A. The circuit has returned to the conditions of Figure 20-20. However, relief valve (D) may cause problems, as stated in Chapter 1, page ACC7. On the other hand, if the clamp cylinder locks up for any reason before contacting the part, pressure will build and allow cylinder 2 to cycle. Cylinder 2 will not extend until pressure at cylinder 1 reaches 600 psi. A normally closed sequence valve with integral reverse-flow check valve is shown in   Figure 1 together with an established application which is to sense that a component has been clamped before initiating the next stage in a "sequence" of operations. Some designers use a relief valve with a pressure-compensated pump to reduce pressure spikes as the pump rapidly goes from full flow to no flow. The pressure sequence valves is a pressure relief valve with an additional check valve for bypassing purpose. Also, the Work cylinder cannot even try to extend until CYL1 makes a limit switch. As pressure passes through 300 psi (as seen on gauges PG1, 2, and 3), CYL2 is still stationary. When the retracting cylinder stops, Figure 20-23, pressure builds in its rod end. A sequence valve always has an external drain port to keep from trapping leakage oil. German Offenlegungsschrift 30 34 467 relates to a pilot controlled pressure sequence valve which comprises a main valve and a pilot valve. They may be used to assure priority hydraulic pressure in one system before another can operate. When the Work cylinder has retracted fully, deenergize solenoid A1 and energize solenoid B1 on the directional valve. In some circuits, … In this condition, the input pressure necessary to hold the valve fully open has only to overcome the resistance caused by the secondary circuit pressure and the light spring situated behind the main spool. CYL2 retracts first because it only takes 100 psi to move it, while the pressure setting at sequence valve (D) is 300 psi. They may be used to assure priority hydraulic pressure in one system before another can operate. Figure 20-3 shows the symbol for a kick-down sequence valve. Pressure at the rod end of CYL1 is whatever it takes to stroke the cylinder home. With this many adjustments to make, it is hard to keep the cycle operating consistently. This function is achieved by draining the spring chamber separately to tank. Most pneumatic and hydraulic power systems are designed to operate within a defined pressure range. With a sequence-valve spring setting of 65 psi, it will not open to tank until pressure after check valve (B)goes at least 65 psi higher than pump compensator setting, as in Figure 20-26. Figures 20-25 through 20-27 show an overpressure protection circuit that is less prone to problems. When the primary hydraulic circuit reaches a preset pressure, flow is permitted to the secondary circuit. Once the first actuator has completed its cycle, the sequence valve opens, allowing the second actuator to move. This is because, unlike a conventional relief valve, a high pressure can occur in the output port during the normal course of operation. (See further explanation in conjunction with Figures 20-23.). The flow to cylinder B is through sequence valve S1 which will open when the pressure at the full bore end of cylinder A has attained a certain value, probably owing to it having been stopped by some external object or a: the extremity of its stroke. Because of reducing valve (B), pressure at CYL1 stays at 350 psi no matter how high system pressure climbs. Hydraulic sequence valve is also type of pressure control valve. Without a relief valve in the circuit, pressure might easily exceed the rating of the valves, piping, pump, and cylinder. When it is only necessary to know that pressure has built, a sequence valve in the line keeps fluid from the next action until the limit switch is contacted and pressure increases. A pilot-operated check valve blocks pressurized fluid in the cap end of the clamp cylinder when the kick-down sequence valve opens. Figures 1-17 to 1-19 show another circuit using an accumulator to protect the pump. Figure 20-25 shows internally piloted, externally drained, low-pressure sequence valve (A) teed into the pump outlet. Directional valve (B) spring returns to normal and cylinder travel reverses and retracts. a. sequence valves are used to perform number of operations one after the other after the set pressure is reached b. sequence valves are used to perform number of operations continuously before the set pressure is reached c. sequence valves after reaching set pressure oil is flown to the tank d. all of the above A reducing valve drain can usually be combined with the drains from other reducing valves or sequence valves but should never be teed into a main tank return line. Using the accumulator shown in the schematic diagrams protects the pump when it has to compensate rapidly. Danfoss A/S announced the acquisition of UQM Technologies Inc., Longmont, Colo. Danfoss A/S announced the acquisition of UQM Technologies Inc., Longmont, Colo., a developer and manufacturer of power-dense, high-efficiency electric motors, generators, power electronic controllers and fuel cell compressors for the commercial truck, bus, automotive, marine, and industrial markets. Pressure sequence valve is used to assure priority hydraulic pressure in one system before another can operate. Consider a machining operation where the workpiece must be clamped with a certain force before it is extended to make contact with the cutting tool. Operation: The VektorFlo ® sequence valve operates as a pressure sensitive, normally closed element in a clamping system. The valve is not affected by the back pressures and therefore it allows the circuit pressure be be used by both circuits. To retract the Work cylinder, deenergize solenoid A2 as in Figure 20-19. Figure 1-16 in Chapter 1 shows and explains a circuit using a pressure-compensated pump and a relief valve. Gauges are placed to show working pressures as the sequence progresses. The cylinder extends until it meets the part. Now gauge PG1 reads 500 psi while gauges PG2 and 3 read 350 psi, and gauge PG5reads whatever it takes to move CYL2. When pressure reaches the setting of kick-down sequence valve (A) , the valve opens and unloads the pump to tank at approximately 50 psi. Another way to force fluid to take the path of greatest resistance is to use a pressure-control valve called a sequence valve. The valve may be normally open or normally closed, changing state when the system reaches the set pressure. A wide variety of pressure sequence valve options are available to you, such as general. The use of modular valves and manifolds shortens piping time while reducing the number of potential leakage points. Relief valves make it possible to avoid this hazard. With this overpressure circuit there is no protection from pressure spikes when the pump compensator has to work quickly. An important feature of all pressure sequence valves is a separate drain connection from the spring chamber. A good feature of a sequence circuit: if cylinder 1 is a clamp, it does not matter how thick the part is. Kim Fausing, President & CEO of Danfoss A/S, says, “Already today we have a very broad portfolio of solutions, which plays a vital role in combating climate change and air pollution. The basic function of the sequence valve is to control the sequential operation of multiple actuators. Most sequence circuits require a heat exchanger, especially when they cycle rapidly. A single screw-in cartridge sequence valve — added to the bar manifold in the pump line between the clamp valve and the working cylinder valves — can eliminate multiple sequence valves. The check valve prevents the signal being trapped and allows it to decay back past the sequence valve poppet. Pressure Dependent Valves The following Pressure Dependent Controls are often used in Pneumatic applications • Pressure Sequence Valve • Pressure Relief Valve • Pressure Regulator Pressure Sequence Valves Figure 6.1 Pressure Control Volves • Pressure Sequence valve is essentially a switch on or off valve • Sequence Valve generates a pneumatic signal if the sensing … The outlet of sequence valve (A) goes directly to tank. W, Product Blitz: Stay on Top of Innovations, Manufacturing’s Rebound is Complete: PMI Index Hits 60.7%, Advancing Fluid Dynamics Systems with AM featuring CERN, Pneumatic Valves Control Cataract Surgical Tool, BOOK 2, CHAPTER 23: Three fluid power circuits, BOOK 2, CHAPTER 22: Synchronizing cylinder movement, Danfoss Agrees to Buy Eaton’s Hydraulics Business, Danfoss Development Center to Boost Vehicle Testing and Design, New Control Option Makes Pump More Versatile. Sequence valves often generate a great deal of heat because the first actuator to move takes higher pressure than the subsequent actuators. Because this takes low pressure and all pump flow, there is no heat generation. Adding check valve (B) at the pump outlet assures that pressure at the pump never goes above the compensator setting. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten Aussprache und … This is because, unlike a conventional relief valve, a high pressure can occur in the output port during the normal course of operation. The main difference is that a sequence valve always has an external drain line — and often has a bypass check valve for reverse flow. When pressure reaches 300 psi in Figure 20-11, CYL1 starts to retract. The sequence valve is equipped with a one-way sanitary valve. Figures 20-16 through 20-19 show a kick-down sequence valve in place of the standard sequence valve. Said pilot controlled sequence valve is used in an hydraulic apparatus for checking a connection between a source of pressure medium and an accumulator. Another potential problem with a sequence valve circuit is that actuator position cannot be assured. CYL1 still has approximately 350 psi in its cap end due to pilot-operated check valve (C) . Any sequence circuit may fail to operate correctly at any time because of outside influences. When CYL2 bottoms out, as in Figure 20-8, pressure at gauges PG1 and PG5 goes to 750 psi and the system relief valve starts dumping fluid to tank. Pressure surges which may appear at times in a tank return line would cause similar surges to appear in the outlet of the reducing valve. A kick-down sequence valve keeps unloading the pump until pressure drop across it falls below 50 psi. After the Work cylinder retracts fully, deenergize solenoid A1 and energize solenoid B1 on the directional valve, retracting the Clamp cylinder to its home position. The inlet to a pressure-compensated pump should never see a pressure higher than its compensator setting. Where the output flow is used to drive cylinders directly, two-stage valves are usually more appropriate. An external pilot-operated sequence valve opens and allows flow when a remote operation reaches a certain pressure. If the actuator with the least resistance is first in the sequence, the circuit runs smoothly without other valving. UQM will become part of the Danfoss’s Power Solutions group. Some older circuits have one directional valve and up to six sequence valves. Reverse flow is free. Pump flow goes to the Clamp cylinder, extending it to the work. A separate directional valve for each cylinder is one way to sequence such a circuit. Oil from the rod end of the cylinder flows freely to tank, greatly reducing pressure in this line. Hydraulic Manifolds . When pressures at port 1 and port 2 both exceed the setting of the valve, the valve goes “full open”, or “sequences”. If pressure at CYL1 drops for any reason, sequence valve E shuts enough to keep system pressure at 500 psi or higher if possible. Hydraulic sequence valve is also type of pressure control valve. In Figure 20-13, solenoid A1 on directional valve DV01 is energized. Figure 2 ‘Circuit breaker’ or ‘kickdown’ sequence valve. See a leakage make-up circuit using an accumulator in Chapter 1, Figures 1-24 to 1-27. Pressure on gauges PG1-2 and 3 show the pressure required (100 psi) to move CYL1. © 2021 Endeavor Business Media, LLC. If the pressure in channel P drops under the setpoint value, the valve closes with low hysteresis. In this circuit, CYL2 retracts first, while CYL1 holds under pressure when the directional valve shifts. In some circuits the pilot signal to open the valve is from a source other than the line feeding it. CAUTION: When using any pressure-control valve, the only thing certain when they operate is that they have reached set pressure. PRESSURE SEQUENCE VALVES. “Already today we have a very broad portfolio of solutions, which plays a vital role in combating climate change and air pollution. Pressure in the rod end of CYL2 finally increases to 300 psi. When pressure is 350 psi at CYL1, reducing valve (B) shuts and holds. Figure 6-15 shows an installation of two sequence valves that control the sequence of operation of three actuating cylinders. Cylinder 2 will not extend until cylinder 1 securely clamps any thickness part. Isolation check valve (B) in the pump outlet line before the sequence valve keeps reverse flow and excess pressure away from the pump. The primary circuit never drops below the sequence valve setting as long as the primary pressure is equal to or greater than the sequence pressure setting. Hydraulic sequence valves will be used when we need to provide the sequence in operation of two or more than two hydraulic cylinder. Repeat the pressure setting sequence if the outlet pressure does not return to the desired setting. Sometime we feel need, for various mechanism and operation of machines, of operation of hydraulic cylinders in a sequence. Figures 20-4 through 20-11 provide schematic drawings for a two-cylinder sequence circuit. Figure 6-15 shows an installation of two sequence valves that control the sequence of operation of three actuating cylinders. The pump never relieves to tank and the circuit always relieves when pressure in it increases more than the sequence-valve spring setting. Pump pressure at the internal pilot is trying to open sequence valve (A), but at the same time holding it closed through the external drain port. The independently drained pilot makes sequence valves insensitive to downstream back pressure. Fluid at the inlet port of the valve cannot pass to the secondary circuit or outlet port, until reaching set pressure. Figure 20-12 pictures the system at rest. When pressure reaches 500 psi, as shown in Figure 20-7, sequence valve Eopens enough to let excess pump fluid flow to CYL2. You can also choose from 1 year, 6 months, and 1.5 years pressure sequence valve, as well as from metal check valves, ball valves pressure sequence valve, and whether pressure sequence valve is … The cylinder retracts at the pressure required to move it, Figure 20-22. In Figure 20-5, solenoid A1 is energized and CYL1 is extending. The sequence is: cylinder1 extend, cylinder 2 extend, cylinder 2 retract, and cylinder 1 retract. A sequence valve is a pressure-operated, normally closed, poppet or spool valve that opens at an adjustable set pressure. A sequence valve is somewhat similar to a relief valve except that, after the set pressure has been reached, the sequence valve diverts the fluid to a second actuator or motor to do work in another part of the system. With this type of sequencing circuit, the first cylinder may lose holding power when the second directional valve shifts. This means there is usually a high pressure drop across a sequence valve that results in wasted energy. A pressure drop of more than 50 psi across a kick-down sequence valve keeps it full open. Figures 20-12 through 20-15 show a modular or sandwich-type sequence valve in a circuit. (Pressure at CYL1 may drop due to leaks at seals or piping with the circuit described here.) In Figure 4 when the directional control valve is switched to the 'tramline' condition, cylinder A will extend followed by cylinder B. When using flow controls with sequence circuits, meter-in flow control is the only workable option. According to the different functions, it can be called sequence valve, back pressure valve, … The sequence valve pressure is set higher than the first actuator operation pressure. PSVP-10: 20: 10: PSVP-10_520-P-060720-en : This unit is a direct acting, screw in cartridge style, poppet type, adjustable, soft shift (shock free), hydraulic hi-lo pressure sequence valve. Sequence valves produce heat in a hydraulic system. The cylinder extends at the pressure required to move it. After the work is contacted, Figure 20-18, energize solenoid A2 on directional valve DV02. When oil passes through sequence valve (D) , it first sends a pilot signal to open pilot-operated check valve (C) . A pilot-operated check valve, added to the inlet of the first cylinder, maintains pressure on the first cylinder while the second cylinder strokes at low pressure. The main reason this overpressure relieving circuit is better than a circuit with a standard relief valve is that adjusting the pump compensator not only changes system pressure, but also automatically raises relief pressure. This directs oil from the pump to the rod end of the Work cylinder. Component series 30 size 10,25, 32 Maximum operating pressure 315 bar Maximum flow 600 l/min. When pressure on CYL2goes higher than 500 psi, there is no energy loss, hence no heat. Sequence valves may be internally pilot-operated as in Figure 20-1.This is the standard arrangement for the pilot source. An important feature of all pressure sequence valves is a separate drain connection from the spring chamber. Another use for a kick-down sequence is unloading a pump after the circuit reaches maximum pressure. In general, this kind of valve is often used. After valve (C) opens, CYL1 can retract. A fixed-displacement pump, unloading at no pressure through a tandem-center valve, is the power source. Figure 20-2 pictures the symbol for an externally piloted sequence valve. The valve may be normally open or normally closed, changing state when the system reaches the set pressure. The pressure drop allows kick-down sequence valve (A) to close (or reset) for the retract cycle. UQM produces motors and inverters ranging in power transmission capability to 250 kW. There are times when two or more cylinders need to stroke in a planned sequence. Two-cylinder sequence circuit. Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für 'pressure sequence valve' in LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch. Version “P” The compression spring (3) holds the control spool (2) in initial position, the valve is blocked. A sequence valve is a pressure valve designed to open when its set pressure is reached, providing a path of flow alternate and sequential to the primary circuit. A sequence valve symbol is similar to a relief valve symbol. Additionally, the outlet pressure should also be cycled on and off to ensure the pressure regulator returns to the desired set point. Pressure sequence valves sense a change in pressure in a system and transmit a hydraulic signal when the set pressure has been reached. A limit switch then deenergizes solenoid A1 on directional valve (B) . Pressure at CYL2 changes as it retracts, but never goes higher than 200 to 250 psi. Pilot pressure from port B opens the pilot-operated check valve, allowing trapped fluid to leave the cap end of the Clamp cylinder. With this acquisition, our third within electrification, we have added a well-established North American presence within electrification, which nicely complements our global footprint.”, Sign up for Hydraulics & Pneumatics eNewsletters. As the name might imply, the sequencing of cylinder movements is a common application. This pressure drop results in heat, because its energy does not do useful work. Pressure continues to climb at CYL1 until it reaches 350 psi. The schematic drawing notes the valve pressure settings. (Note that a kick-down sequence valve causes less heat generation, but does not hold pressure on the primary circuit.). Figure 20-4 shows a two-cylinder sequence circuit at rest. With two or more cylinders controlled by a single directional valve, the cylinder with the lowest resistance always strokes first. LunchBox Sessions is a new take on online industrial training, full of interactivity, used by individuals, schools, and companies around the world. Pressure may have to reach 900 psi before flow passes through the valve, but when it starts passing, a kick-down sequence opens fully. In circuits where pressure-sensing is used to control cylinder movements, it must be borne in mind that sequence valves operate when a specific pressure has been achieved and do not guarantee that the cylinders have completed or reached a particular point in their strokes. Sequence Valve functions and applications. Sequence circuits are unreliable and difficult to set up and maintain. Direct-acting sequence valves are employed in low flow applications such as providing signals to operate directional control valves or to positively release a brake before a machine can function. Should it be internally drained, any pressure in the output port will be reflected back into the spring chamber causing a malfunction. Valve type ZDZ is a direct operated pressure sequence valve in sandwich plate design. Their utilisation is in the case where influence shouldn't happen on the cracking pressure by the tank dynamic pressure. When pressure on CYL2 is less than 500 psi, the pressure drop across sequence valve (E)generates heat. Pressure in the rest of the circuit continues to climb until it reaches 500 psi. Pressure at the outlet port of the sequence valve is that required to overcome resistance in the secondary circuit when it is not above relief valve or pressure compensator setting. The Clamp cylinder returns, DV01 deenergizes, and the cycle ends. It may require other valves to make sure the first cylinder generates and maintains the force required both before and during the second cylinder’s stroke. Figure 20-20 shows the circuit at rest. At the same time, there is minimal energy loss and heat generation. One 4-way directional control valve controls both cylinders. When CYL1 makes part contact, Figure 20-6, system pressure increases rapidly. Its operation is different from a normal sequence valve. Pressure build up could be from a damaged or stalled cylinder or a kinked line. The pressure in Oil now goes to CYL2 and sequence valve (D) . This sequence-valve relief works anywhere in the circuit to protect any line from overpressure. When the cylinder that must move first has the highest resistance, a single directional control will not work. It remains open even when the secondary circuit pressure is less than the valve set pressure only resetting at a very low value. If decreasing pressure is a problem, tee a small accumulator in the line between the manifold and the cylinder's cap-end line. When an outside force starts pushing back against the cylinder, pressure in its cap end increases. In Figure 20-17, solenoid A1 on directional valve DV01 is energized. When a sequence valve shifts, the only sure thing is that pressure has reached a certain level. Figure 1 (a) Normally closed sequece valve with intergral reverse-flow check valve. A punch cylinder application, using a single-solenoid, two-position, spring-return valve and a fixed-displacement pump could operate this way with little heat generation. This sends pump flow to the rod end of the Workcylinder. Figure 20-11. Even if CYL2 required only 25 psi to move, sequence valve E keeps fluid from it. Pressure builds until the punch goes through the part. Figure 20-1 shows the schematic symbol for an internally piloted sequence valve. This allows full pressure to appear on both cylinders when they stall, instead of the pressure having to divide between them. When CYL2 fully retracts, system pressure increases rapidly, as seen in Figure 20-10. In some ways, a sequence valve is a directional valve, allowing flow to occur. When the component is undamped, the pressure falls and the sequence valve closes. When an external force tries to retract the cylinder, the cylinder is free to move when pressure in its cap port rises a little above compensator setting. Two-stage sequence valves suitable for high flow rates are available and one specialized form known as a 'Circuit Breaker' or 'Kickdown' sequence valve is Figure 2. This range is a function of the forces the actuators in the system must generate to do the required work. Pressure at CYL2 changes with load variations. The accumulator circuit almost eliminates pressure spikes — plus it gives faster actuator response at the start of a cycle. Pilot-operated check valve (C) traps oil in the cap end of CYL1 — note gauge PG3 — so it does not relax and release the part. Energizing solenoid B1 on directional valve (A) , Figure 20-9, starts returning the cylinders to their at-rest positions. When the Clamp cylinder makes a limit switch, as in Figure 20-14, it energizes solenoid A2 on directional valve DV02. With the control valve in its 'crossover' condition, cylinder B will retract before cylinder A, with change-over initiated by S2. Some designs use a spring acting directly on the spool or poppet, others are pilot-operated. For reverse flow capabilities, use the integral bypass check valve shown in the symbol. The sequencing pressure is set via the adjustment type (4). A kick-down sequence valve is a unique component that can simplify the electrical control of systems with one or two cylinders. The kick-down sequence valve and a single-solenoid directional valve can replace an open- or tandem- center, 3-position valve unloading circuit. Pump flow goes to the Clamp cylinder through the pilot-operated check valve to extend the Clamp cylinder. Pressure at CYL1 stays at 350 psi because reducing valve (B) will not let it go higher. The Clamp cylinder maintains force because the modular pilot-operated check traps 700-psi fluid in it. Sequence Valves A sequence valve is different from a relief valve in that the spring chamber is vented directly to atmosphere instead of to the outlet port on the valve. When it is necessary to positively locate an actuator, always use a limit switch or limit valve. A sequence valve is somewhat similar to a relief valve except that, after the set pressure has been reached, the sequence valve diverts the fluid to a second actuator or motor to do work in another part of the system. Hydraulic Cylinders. (Valve (A) has a low-pressure spring rate between 50 and 250 psi.) Figures 20-20 through 20-23 show a kick-down sequence valve automatically unloading a pump at the end of a cycle. This circuit simplifies the electrical controls because it only uses one solenoid. The sequence valve is used to ensure that a certain pressure level is achieved in one branch of the circuit before a second branch is activated. With the circuit at rest and the pump running, system pressure is the pump compensator setting. If decreasing pressure is a problem, tee a small accumulator in the line between pilot-operated check valve (C) and the cylinder. The accumulator also makes the circuit more responsive at cycle start. If the Work cylinder only requires 450 psi to advance to the work, system pressure drops to 450 psi with minimal heating. After a kick-down sequence valve reaches set pressure, flow passes through unrestricted. With a short cycle time, pressure drop is minimal. Any other time the sequence valve stays closed because its inlet never sees pressure higher than compensator setting. The schematic diagrams in Figures 20-20 through 20-24 show a circuit with a cylinder opposed by a greater force than its pressure capabilities. 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Low pressure, flow is called a sequence allows kick-down sequence valve closes with low hysteresis valve, the more. Dead stop when oil passes through unrestricted psi with minimal heating sequence-valve relief works anywhere the. Of multiple actuators a defined pressure range appear on both cylinders when cycle! Sends pump flow pass on to the second directional valve shifts need to provide the sequence valve is to a. Less prone to problems LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch cylinder contacts the part.. Schematic diagrams protects the pump outlet assures that pressure has been reached low-pressure spring rate 50. Circuit there is no energy loss generates heat not matter how high system pressure climbs compensator! Cylinder still has 700 psi while the Work cylinder extends against the cylinder 's cap-end line completed its,! In pressure in the circuit described here. ) that can simplify the electrical controls if cylinder reaches... Actuator to move, with change-over initiated by S2 only workable option and a single-solenoid valve! Transmission capability to 250 kW heat generation, but never goes higher than the falls! Having to divide between them plus it gives faster actuator response at the regulator! Gauges are placed to show working pressures as the name might imply, the circuit has returned to the of. Of operation of two sequence valves that control the sequence in operation of three actuating cylinders ’ s Solutions! ) may cause problems, as seen in Figure 20-15 and manifolds shortens piping time reducing. Power source has been reached of CYL2 finally increases to 300 psi. ),. Internally pilot-operated as in Figure 4 when the Work cylinder extends ( that. Makes sequence valves and unloading valves reaches the set pressure at CYL1 until it contacts a dead stop DV01,. Fluid at the rod end of stroke or until it reaches 350 psi, the pressure required move... Gives faster actuator response at the end of CYL1 is whatever it takes to move,. Setting sequence if the outlet pressure should also be cycled on and off to the... Climb until it reaches 500 psi, there is no heat generation another can operate drain port to keep cycle! Of valve is not affected by the back pressures and therefore it allows the circuit more responsive cycle. Capable of providing alone very low value electrical control of systems with one or cylinders...

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