The minimum conformation of ethane corresponds to structure 2 in which all hydrogen atoms are staggered so as to reduce steric interactions as much as possible. Because ethane is composed of two carbons there are only hydrogen atoms on each carbon, so that the molecule is symmetrical. configurationc. The reason for the relative stability of the staggered conformation has been debated for years. Due to this, it is not possible to separate different conformation isomers of ethane. A horizontal mirror is defined as being perpendicular to the principal axis. In this structure, two methyl groups are positioned in such a way that they are opposite to each other making a dihedral angle of between two methyl groups. Such a conformation exists in any open chain single chemical bond connecting two sp3-hybridised atoms, and is normally a conformational energy minimum. Ethane is a colorless, odorless, and flammable gas with a chemical formula of C2H6; it has two carbon (C) atoms and six hydrogen (H) atoms. Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staggered_conformation&oldid=992696992, Wikipedia articles needing context from March 2011, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from March 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 6 December 2020, at 17:04. Comparison of the Numbers and Kinds of Symmetry Elements in Eclipsed and Staggered Ethane. cubic/hexagonal boron nitride, and diamond/lonsdaleite. Lewis Structure: Analysis of Energies: Ethane, with only carbon-hydrogen bonds interacting with each other, displays simple sine curves when the torsion, 1-4 Van der Waals, and total energies are graphed. Below are two Sawhorse Projections of ethane. Ethane is the second simplest alkane followed by methane. In the case of butane, however, two conformations are not enough to Natural gas components of ethane and heavier hydrocarbons are quite easily separated from the gas stream and liquefied under moderate pressure. To convert the wedge-dash structure to a sawhorse projection, we must look at the molecule from one end. Sawhorse Projections can also be drawn so that the groups on the front carbon are staggered (60 degrees apart) or eclipsed (directly overlapping) with the groups on the back carbon. Staggered conformation is a chemical conformation of an ethane-like molecule (CH 3 -CH 3 =abcX–Ydef) in which the substituents a, b, and c are attached at the maximum distance from d, e, and f. In this case, the torsion angle is 60° and the conformational energy is minimum. We're just looking straight on to this ethane molecule. One theory is that the staggered form is more stable because there is a favorable inter-action between the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals associated with the CLH The potential energy is minimum in staggered conformation (more stable) while it is maximum at eclipse conformation (less stable). The staggered structure is important because, being the structure of lowest energy, it is the structure actually adopted by ethane (the ground state structure). It contains 2 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms. The anti conformation is staggered conformation because it produces by rotating eclipsed conformation four times by 60°. axis has no other axis collinear with it. Problem: The eclipsed and staggered forms of ethane are said to differ in: a. structureb. The lowest energy conformation of ethane, shown in the figure above, is called the ‘staggered’ conformation, in which all of the C-H bonds on the front carbon are positioned at dihedral angles of 60°relative to the C-H bonds on the back carbon. Ethane is a saturated hydrocarbon found in gaseous state. It defines the shapeof ethane molecules. Click on the symmetry element to go to explainations. Eclipsed bonds are characterized by a torsion angle of 0° (syn). 2.4 The dihedral angle-potential energy diagram of butane. Other names – Methyl methane, Bimethyl, Dimethyl, Et… But this way you can see the front carbon's hydrogens are staggered relative to the back ones. As a … 99% ethane molecules have staggered conformation. Let's start with a wedge-dash view of the staggered conformation of ethane. The maximum energies are the absolute maximum; the minimum energies are the absolute minimum, and there are no intermediate maxima or minima. The lowest energy conformation of ethane, shown in the figure above, is called the ‘staggered’ conformation, in which all of the C-H bonds on the front carbon are positioned at dihedral angles of 60°relative to the C-H bonds on the back carbon. Ethane (/ ˈ ɛ θ eɪ n / or / ˈ iː θ eɪ n /) is an organic chemical compound with chemical formula C 2 H 6.At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas.Like many hydrocarbons, ethane is isolated on an industrial scale from natural gas and as a petrochemical by-product of petroleum refining.Its chief use is as feedstock for ethylene production. Ethane, a key feedstock for petrochemical manufacturing, is traditionally produced by recovering the ethane content from natural gas as the Y-grade NGL. So the formula for ethane is C2H6. Holding a model of ethane (or two) in your hand would really help you here. Crystal structures: The staggered/eclipsed configurations distinguish different crystalline structures of e.g. Hence, the staggered form of ethane is more stable than its eclipsed form.The energy difference between the staggered and eclipsed conformation is 12.55 KJ mol −1. The lowest energy conformation of ethane, shown in the figure above, is called the ‘staggered’ conformation. That is due to the minimized repulsion between bond electron pairs of the C-H bonds. Click on the symmetry element to go to explainations. Inversion Center -- located at center of molecule (0, 0, 0). Click on the symmetry element to go to explainations. The structure on the left is staggered, and the structure … conformation FREE Expert Solution Show answer 90% (214 ratings) In organic chemistry, a staggered conformation is a chemical conformation of an ethane-like moiety abcX–Ydef in which the substituents a, b, and c are at the maximum distance from d, e, and f. This requires the torsion angles to be 60°.[1]. The dihedral angle between two C-H bonds in the staggered conformation of ethane is (a) 60 ° ° (b) 180 ° ° (c) 0 ° ° (d) 120 ° ° Q 30: (1) In this conformation, the distance between the bonds (and the electrons in them) is maximized. Holding a model of ethane (or two) in your hand would really help you here. Perhaps the best view in which to see the difference is a… Holding a model of ethane (or two) in your hand would really help you here. If we consider ethane as a reference molecule for our conformational analysis and check their Newman projection we can easily see the two extremes. When we notice a structure of ethane we will notice a single C-C bond and every atom tends to be bonded to three atoms of hydrogen per bond. Each H-C-C-H unit in ethane is characterized by a torsion angle. Eclipsed Ethane (CH 3 CH 3, with H - lined up) & Staggered Ethane (CH 3 CH 3, with H - not lined up) top. 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