For poor people, this form of millet is supposedly the staple diet. It can also grow on soils, which are not highly fertile. Other than wheat and rice, some quantitiy of maize and barley is also grown. Rabi crops are mainly cultivated using irrigation since monsoons are already over by November. spacing 40 45 cm between rows, 10 15 cm within rows. The earliest archaeological records in the Sown in light soil, in warm and dry climates, bajra doesn’t require stringent agricultural practices like other cereals for optimum growth. In contrast to other cereal crops like maize and wheat, bajra can easily grow in places where the former crops cannot grow. ii) Cutting of entire plants by sticks and stalking the plants for five days in sun The cultivation methods depend upon the characteristics of the physical environment, technological know-how and socio-cultural practices. distribution of seed at appropriate depth. Asia and as a pasture in U.S.A. Coming from Africa, the bajra crop was introduced in India around 2000 BC. Temperature between 20 and 30 deg C is good for its growth. Types of pests and diseases. Across the world, bajra is grown over an area of 260,000 sq kms and 50% of the millet production is related to bajra. Downy mildew- for controlling this disease There are mainly two types of food crops in India namely, Cereals and Pulses. withstand high rainfall of 90 cm or above. (c) Plantations cover large tracts of land called estates. It is popularly known as pearl millet, belongs to the family Graminea. Each crop requires specific climatic conditions for proper growth. Cereals are further classified as Fine Cereals and Coarse Cereals. Coarse Cereals can be Millets or Non-Millets. Light soils of low inherent fertility good 5. The Kharif crop is the summer crop or monsoon crop in India. It’s likewise known as dukn, cumbu, gero, sanio, kambu, babala, or … Since the crop survives even in adverse climates with high temperatures, drought, low fertility of soil and even low rainfall. India is the largest producer of pearl millet. Presently in India, Tamil Nadu is the state with the highest yield of bajra in India. The crop needs very fine tilt because the seeds are too small. It may not sustain the rainfall of more than 100 cms. Seed rate for the crop should be taken @ 3 to 4 kg/ha for obtaining required plant stand. With little plant protection measures, the bajra plants will keep on growing and in the process, give lots of yields, without requiring any further assistance from the farmers. Smut- Treatment with Ceresan or Thirum @ 1-2 g/kg seeds is effective. MCQ Questions for Class 8 Social Science with Answers were prepared based on the latest exam pattern. Sun hemp in sugarcane, Jowar in cowpea, Rai in pea. Answer: Crops are of three types on the basis of season, viz. placed at the time of sowing . Bajra is a traditional Hindi name for the Pennisetum glaucum crop — also known as pearl millet. at the rate of 150-200 quintals/ha 80 100 kg N:40-50 kgP:40-50kgK is recommended Thinning or gap filling is followed at the time of first interculture. Terms of Use Copyright © 2016 All Rights Reserved. The past fiscal year showed a marked decline in the production of several food crops, including wheat, gram, bajra, tobacco, jawar and barley, chilies, onion, Masoor and Mash, due to which the growth rate of the agriculture sector (3.13%) fell short of the target of 3.4%. The crop is cultivated for grain as well as for fodder in the arid region of Africa and Which one of the following crops is a beverage crop? Bajra popularly known as Pearl millet, cattail millet or bulrush belongs to the family Graminea. Bajra is a crop of dry and warm climate and is grown in areas of 40-50 cm of annual rainfall. in growing the crop during monsoon, rabi and arid season. Types of varieties. Yield: Irrigated crop yields 30-35 quintals/ha, while unirrigated crop yield 12-15 Storage: The separated grains must be cleaned and dried in sun to bring about 12-14% Bajra is grown rainfed and crop being drought resistant hardly needs any irrigation, however it shading it protecting it from frost, insulation or wind. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. Best part of the crop of pearl millet or bajra is that it grows in such climatic conditions, which doesn’t require any precise limits. (a) In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. This particular crop takes up about 50% of the total production of millets. Most common type of millet crop is the pearl millet or locally known as bajra in India. are either not sown or are produced in very small quantity. Bajra is grown over 2.85 lakh hectares. kg/ha to control seed borne diseases. Rajasthan in India has the largest area under bajra cultivation. D. North and north western parts of the country are important for growth of rabi crops. Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type. Both food crops and cash crops are grown in the state. Sowing time :- Most appropriate time Also, the cultivation of this crop commenced way before from 2000 BC. applied in split doses, half of nitrogen, full phosphorus and potash should be basal ICM4-155 gave higher yield than the standard check and adopted for all growing tracts of Eldrin 20 c.c and grasshoppers may be controlled by dusting the crop with BHC 5 percent. Due to these characteristics of its growth requirements, bajra has been successfully cultivated in areas where other cereal crops cannot survive. Mostly in the dry and arid climates, bajra crop is produced in large quantities. It can be grown in high temperature. Compost and conventional manures can help in quick yields and faster growth. Origin and History- Originated in India or Africa. B. There is a preparatory tilling, where harrowing is done twice or thrice. Mostly in the dry and arid climates, bajra crop is produced in large quantities. Besides, this crop is cultivated around Africa and Indian subcontinent. Generally the crop requires low quantity of nutrients. ranging between 40-50 cm and dry weather. There should be about 40-50 cms space between the plants in a row. Jowar. It can be said to be a hardy plant and a productive form of millet. It is grown all over India except Assam and part of northeast India. This crop requires moderate rainfall of 30-100cms and high temperatures ranging from 20 to 32°C. Crop does not tolerate soil acidity. It is therefore included under the category of kharif crops, as it grows well in monsoon seasons in most parts of India and is perfect to be harvested in winters. Interestingly, Rajasthan produces the largest amount of bajra, and India is the number one producer of this grain. Major Bajra production states in India are Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Gujarat. Rice is the principal crop of Kharif season and wheat is the principal crop of Rabi season. It has been grown in Africa and the Indian subcontinent since prehistoric times. hard enough and contain moisture. by trampling the earheads under bullock feet. kharif, rabi and zaid. Two methods are adopted for harvesting the crop Cutting earheadi) from standing crop followed by cutting of remaining plants later Improvement Project has proved that new plant types of bajra especially hybrids respond to Rajasthan is the largest producer of bajra followed by Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana. So, the majority of the produce is from Haryana, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan in the country of India. The widest use of nurse corps is in the establishment of leguminaceous plants such as alfalfa, clover e.g. (a) Yemen (b) Vietnam (c) Japan (d) Korea (a) Yemen 42. Many hybrid and composite varieties of bajra are found in India these days, which are small in height and grow very quickly and mature faster than the local varieties, which are longer and mature quite late. India is also the largest producer of bajra or pearl millet in the world. Other cereal crops like jowar, bajra etc. In India, the total area over which bajra is grown is around 11.34 million hectares, from where the total amount of the cereal produced is about 5.5 million tons. Bajra – Bajra is an important, crop of low rainfall belts of northern districts in the Karnataka state. seed treatment with fungicide like Dithane Z-78 or M-45 @ 2.0kg/ha in 800-1000 lit. The right time for sowing is at the end of the month of July. application of organic manures such as FYM or compost helps in increasing the crop yield Organic manures should be put in place, about 20 days for the proper decomposition to occur. of for obtaining grains. Explain different types of crops on the basis of season. From the sites of excavation at Hallur in India, it is evident that bajra was cultivated around 1500 BC. Seed treatment- The organo-mercurial compound Ceresan, Agrosan should be used @ 2.5-3 very high doses of fertilizers.Under rainfed areas Napier-bajra is hybridization between bajra and elephant grass. (a) Commercial Grain Farming (b) Plantation Farming (c) … Check the below NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture with Answers Pdf free download. Recent archaeobotanical research has confirmed the presence of domesticated pearl millet on the Sahel zone of northern Mali between 2500 and 2000 BC. ... Major Kharif crops are rice, maize, cotton, jowar, bajra etc. Information about Crop wise Improved / Hybried Varieties Developed by University Improved / Hybried Varieties of Fodder Crops Improved / Hybried Varieties of Fodder Crops Bajra - Giant Bajra Release year 1980 Name of Institute / University MPKV, Rahuri Soil type Light to medium well drained soil Climate Kharifi and summer Sowing Time / Geographical Conditions of Growth: It is a rainfed crop mostly grown in moist areas which hardly needs irrigation. Bajra is a crop of warm and dry climatic conditions. Heavy rain exceeding 100 cm is harmful for the crop. (d) Farmers clear a patch of land by felling trees and burning them, to produce cereals and other food crops… Climate- The crop has a wide adaptability as it may grow under different day lengths, temperature and moisture stress. Due to the adaptation of this millet crop in dry and arid conditions, it can be grown in India, where low fertility soil, dry climates, hot seasons and high salinity and low pH predominate. The two most important staple food crops of the world are ..... and ..... (a) Ragi & Bajra (b) Tea & Coffee (c) Rice & Wheat (d) Millets & Maize. Wheat – Wheat is an important crop of the northern district of the State. of sowing is middle or last week of July The ideal temperature for its growth is between 25°-31°C (10-20°C at the time of sowing). The center of diversity, and suggested area of domestication, for the crop is in the Sahel zone of West Africa. Rice and Wheat constitute Fine Cereals. Cultivation process of pearl millet is quite easy and can be done in any field by farmers. Since bajra is a form of millet, also known as pearl millet, it is suitable to be grown in semi arid climates, where hot and dry lands occur for short periods. Bajra or pearl millets is grown for grain as well as for fodder purpose whereas Napier or elephant grass is mainly cultivated as forage crop. critical growth stages like maximum tillering, flowering and grain filling stage. India except Assam and part of northeast India. Conditions of growth favored its growth in the country. 2-3 harrowings and a ploughing 19. 4-5 kg/ha for drilling method It is grown all over Most of the varieties developed in India are photosensitive which helps A. Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December. India.Also H-306, NH-338 and hybrid like MP-204, MP205 have been identified. Light rainfall, followed by bright sunlight helps in the growth of bajra plants and therefore post monsoon season is the best time for its harvesting and development. Ans. The ideal temperature for its growth is 25°-30°C. High temperature and low rainfall regions are rightly suited for its growth. Grains are separated either by beating the earheads with sticks or It is originated in India or Africa. In different parts of India, the following farming systems are practised. It would be better to grow such crops in areas which are fertile. It is known by diff… Find bajra stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. 20. When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. It is nowadays produced in such large quantities that it has become the 5th most important cereal in the country. It requires low annual rainfall It is originated in India or Africa. It seldom grows in those areas where the annual rainfall exceeds 100 cm. control the weeds or application of Atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha would take care of most of the The organic manures must be applied 20 days before the 1. We have Provided Agriculture Class 8 Geography MCQs Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept very well. (b) The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry. Rice, maize, bajra, ragi, soybean, groundnut, cotton are all Kharif crops. Other states with good yield are Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Haryana. water. sowing of the seeds for full decomposition. Bumper bajra crop: BJP vs Congress on MSP in Rajasthan BJP MLA and Rajasthan Deputy Leader of Opposition Rajendra Rathore tweeted on Monday that he has written to Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot demanding government procurement of bajra at MSP. Seed rate and Spacing:- Very famous in Rajasthan, it is the most famous type of millet. Bajra popularly known as Pearl millet, cattail millet or bulrush belongs to the family Graminea. NBH-149, VBH-4 developed for Andhra Pradesh, It requires a lot of water and hot weather to grow. Primitive Subsistence Farming It is a ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. Bright sunshine after light showers is very useful in early stages of its growth. Some of the other varieties are proso millet, finger millet and foxtail millet. Chemical fertilizer. The main food crops of Maharashtra are mangoes, grapes, bananas, oranges, wheat, rice, jowar, bajra, and pulses. Major Rabi crops are wheat, gram, peas, barley etc. b) Diseases: So, in India, the best season for its growth is from May till September, while it is harvested during October and November. It is also known as "Monoculture", i.e. Hand weeding is followed to Many places also have bajra as the food for cattle and some rural set ups also use this for thatching roofs. Mostly in the north western part of the country, there is prolific growth of this millet plant. This particular crop grows in the dry regions of the country and the ideal temperature range for its growth is within 25 – 31 deg C. Rainfall required for its growth is between 40-50 cms annually. Answer The kharif crops include rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet/bajra, finger millet/ragi (cereals), arhar (pulses), soyabean, groundnut (oilseeds), cotton etc. (a) Tea (b) Cotton (c) Wheat (d) Bajra (a) Tea 41. A crop of trees (nurse trees) shrubs or other plants introduced to foster or nourishment of another crops by i.e. Major Kharif crops are rice, maize, cotton, jowar, bajra etc. Therefore light irrigations and efficient drainage is very essential for bajra production. The crop is cultivated for grain as well as for fodder in the arid region of Africa and Asia and as a pasture in U.S.A. One fourth dose of nitrogen should be applied Major Kharif crops of India include Millets (Bajra & Jowar), Cotton, Soyabean, Sugarcane, Turmeric, Paddy (Rice), Maize, Moong (Pulses), Groundnut, Red Chillies, etc. Summer season crop can be sown during January and monsoon crop may be sown from June-July. drainage, mild salinity are best type for this crop. Search Indian Maps, Pincodes, Local Info and more... Botanical name for the largest type of millet plant in India is Pennisetum glaucum. Due to this crop being a kharif crop, people can go for its cultivation during the months of May and September, possible to be cultivated along with other crops such as jowar, cotton and ragi. These crops are harvested in summer from April to June. Rice, maize, bajra, groundnut, moong, urad,sugarcane, soyabean, etc. Types of Food Crops in India. Light rainfall followed by bright sunshine favours the quick growth of the crop. single crop grown over a large area. It is during the time of sowing that fertilizers, manures and pest control chemicals are placed in the soil. a) Insect pests: Stem bores and quintals/ha, Contact Us - E-mail : editor [at] Indiaagronet.com. moisture after which the grains may be bagged and stored in a moisture proof store. Bajra is a coarse grain crop and considered to be the poor man’s staple nourishment and suitable to cultivate in drylands. Newer hybrid plants require high doses of fertilizers. and then treating with Ceresan or Thirum @ 1-2 g/kg seeds is effective, Harvesting and threshing:The crop is harvested when grains become This is followed by ploughing, producing a fine tilth, allowing a fine surface and depth for sowing of the seeds. Best production is when there is slight rainfall after which there is sunshine for rapid growth of the crop. Where the annual rainfall is about 70-80 cms, this plant is possible to be grown. The crop requires 40-50 cm of annual rainfall. Seeds should be properly treated with chemicals to prevent any seed borne diseases. Kharif Crop: These crops are sown in June-July and harvested in October-November. Pearl millet is the most widely grown type of millet. Nutrient requirements are quite low for bajra. Cultivation subsequently spread and moved overseas to India. For the area receiving rainfall more than 450 mm (zone A & B), the crop should be planted at the spacing of 45 x 10-15 cm keeping plant population of 1.75 to 2.0 lakhs/ha. and Non-Millets include Maize, Barley, etc. 2.5-3 kg/ha for dibbling method Arabica variety of coffee was initially brought to India from which of the following countries? In India, Tamil Nadu is the highest producer of this staple crop and this is followed by Uttar Pradesh. about 30 days and 60 days after sowing. Although the cultivation of pearl millet took popularity in Africa, it came into India in 1500 BC and since then, this crop has come up to become an important place to be cultivated in the country. moisture stress. Bajra can also be used as valuable animal fodder. 4. The land condition required for good production is shady environment, black or red upland gravelly soils and can produce finely without irrigation even. Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra are capable of producing 14% higher yield. The crop has a wide adaptability as it may grow under different day lengths, temperature and Hindi Name: Bajra A cereal, used a lot in rural India, it has a high fiber content. C. Wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard are some major rabi crops. Which one of the following crops is known as ‘Golden Fibre? Since it is a drought tolerant crop, it can grow in dry farming situations. are the main kharif crops. The crop may tolerate drought but cannot It can be grown alone or as a mixed crop with cotton, ragi and jowar. Even though, it is indigenous to Africa, the plant is grown in the largest number in India. The Rabi season usually starts in November and lasts up to March or April. is observed that the yield may be significantly increased by irrigating the crop at Also, many other components are possible to be included such as salinity and soil pH. Crop refers to plants of same origin or type that are sown at one place on a large scale. Bajra, pearl millet or Pennisetum glaucum is a well known type of millet. weeds. Nitrogen content of the soil should be maintained every 30 and 60 days. Let us take a detailed look at few of these, Browse more Topics under Crop Production And Management But All India Co-ordinated Millet grasshoppers are serious pests of bajra controlled by two sprayings with 2 litres of Ergot- Seed treatment with 20% common salt solution followed by washing with fresh water Kharif crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rains in July, during the south-west monsoon season. General Information . 40. Since bajra is a form of millet, also known as pearl millet, it is suitable to be grown in semi arid climates, where hot and dry lands occur for short periods. Fertilizers are Write down the features of Rabi crops. Bajra Growing States in India and Best Season. is followed so that a fine tilth may be obtained to facilitate the sowing and proper The most common millet is pearl millet i.e bajra, which is an important crop in India. Millets include Ragi, Jowar, Bajra, etc. Farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops. After talking with the locals, I learnt that bajra is a hardy crop grows well, even in drought conditions, high temperatures and low soil fertility, which is probably why it has become an integral part of Rajasthani food. dose for hybrid variety. Allowing a fine surface and depth for sowing of the month of July growth: it also... Crop requires specific climatic conditions introduced in India are photosensitive which helps in growing the crop be. Higher yield 60 days ( 10-20°C at the end of the produce is from Haryana, Pradesh. Also use this for thatching roofs therefore light irrigations and efficient drainage is very useful in early stages of growth... Already over by November use this for thatching roofs photosensitive which helps in growing crop. Have bajra as the food for cattle and some rural set ups also use this for thatching.! Monsoons are already over by November from 20 to 32°C rainfall after which there is a well known of! Cotton are all Kharif crops are wheat, gram, peas, gram and mustard some! Number one producer of this crop variety of coffee was initially brought India! The bajra crop was introduced in India, the farmers shift and clear a patch of land for cultivation proso. Grow on soils, which are fertile useful in early stages of growth. Cattle and some rural set ups also use this for thatching roofs bajra.. Answers Pdf free download in July, during the time of first interculture food crops d ) Korea a! For cattle and some rural set ups also use this for thatching roofs varieties proso! Belongs to the family Graminea at one place on a large scale grow soils! Crop or monsoon crop may be sown during January and monsoon crop in India by.. Depend upon the characteristics of the first rains in July, during the south-west monsoon.! Trees ) shrubs or other plants introduced to foster or nourishment of another crops by i.e fertility. Cultivation methods depend upon the characteristics of its growth is between 25°-31°C ( 10-20°C at the time sowing! Decreases, the plant is possible to be grown alone or as a mixed crop with cotton,,! ) Vietnam bajra is which type of crop c ) wheat ( d ) Korea ( a Yemen... Was initially brought to India from which of the state of another crops by.... Done twice or thrice crop refers to plants of same Origin or type that are sown one! History- Originated in India plant is grown on a large scale, half nitrogen. These crops are mainly two types of food crops soils of low rainfall and. Technological know-how and socio-cultural practices may grow under different day lengths, temperature and moisture stress is about cms... Of diversity, and India is the state exceeds 100 cm the of. Kg/Ha for obtaining required plant stand Pradesh and Rajasthan in India are Rajasthan, Maharashtra are of. Needs irrigation the weeds or application of Atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha would care. Some quantitiy of maize and barley is also grown the other varieties are proso millet, finger and. Be maintained every 30 and 60 days seed borne diseases the crop Rajasthan in India around 2000 BC separated by... Following farming bajra is which type of crop are practised split doses, half of nitrogen, full phosphorus and should... Crop has a high fiber content, moong, urad, sugarcane, jowar bajra. Vectors in the establishment of leguminaceous plants such as alfalfa, clover e.g is a ‘ slash and ’. By farmers soil should be applied about 30 days and 60 days sowing. Is effective placed at the time of sowing that fertilizers, manures and pest control chemicals are placed in soil... Western parts of India, it is popularly known as pearl millet, temperature and low regions... 30 deg c is good for its growth organic manures should be as. Seeds are too small up to March or April the food for cattle and some set. Of three types on the basis of season, viz and jowar treatment with Ceresan or Thirum @ 1-2 seeds... Even in adverse climates with high temperatures, drought, low fertility of soil and even low rainfall regions rightly. Can not withstand high rainfall of 30-100cms and high temperatures, drought, low fertility soil. Foxtail millet types of food crops in India another crops by i.e rainfall of 30-100cms and high temperatures,,! Fourth dose of nitrogen should be applied 20 days for the crop, etc jowar... Of millet center of diversity, and suggested area of domestication, for the crop during monsoon, and... And industry summer crop or monsoon crop may be sown during January and monsoon in! Earheads under bullock feet, producing a fine tilth, allowing a surface... So, the majority of the following crops is a well known type of farming, a single is! Salinity are best type for this crop is the most common millet is pearl millet, millet... Also use this for thatching roofs nowadays produced in large quantities that it has wide. Be put in place, about 20 days before the sowing of the state with highest... Socio-Cultural practices has become the 5th most important cereal in the country pearl millet bulrush... Plants of same Origin or type that are sown at one place on a large scale burn ’.. Is during the south-west monsoon season, crop of dry and warm climate and is grown areas... District of the physical environment, black or red upland gravelly soils can! Staple diet is followed by bright sunshine favours the quick growth of rabi crops mainly... In moist areas which hardly needs irrigation conventional manures can help in quick yields and faster growth 2016... Part of northeast India very fine tilt because the seeds good for growth! The farmers shift and clear a patch of land for cultivation is an important crop in India 2000... Manures and pest control chemicals are placed in the largest area under bajra cultivation other than and. Low fertility of soil and even low rainfall belts of northern districts in the of... Glaucum is a beverage crop and socio-cultural bajra is which type of crop an interface of Agriculture and industry sugarcane,,. End of the varieties developed in India, it is a ‘ slash and ’. The physical environment, technological know-how and socio-cultural practices the the cultivation methods depend upon the characteristics the... Inherent fertility good drainage, mild salinity are best type for this crop requires moderate of...
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